Program Shopee VIP Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah: Tinjauannya Terhadap Potensi Unsur Gharar Dan Maysir

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has driven significant growth in the e-commerce sector. Shopee, as one of the largest e-commerce platforms in Southeast Asia, continues to innovate by launching loyalty programs such as Shopee VIP. This premium membership program offers various exclusive benefits, including cashback and discount vouchers, in exchange for a subscription fee. However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for gharar (uncertainty) and maysir (speculation/gambling) within this program's mechanism, which contradict Islamic economic principles. This study aims to analyze the Shopee VIP program from a sharia economic perspective, specifically regarding the potential for gharar and maysir. The research method used is a qualitative literature review. The analysis shows that Shopee VIP transactions are generally valid as ijarah (service rental) contracts with elements of ju'alah (conditional reward), which fulfill the pillars of a contract. There is potential for gharar yasir (mild uncertainty) due to the lack of transparency in discount advertisements, but this does not invalidate the contract because complete information is available and the subscription fee is relatively small. The potential for pure gambling (maysir) is also not found, although there is a slight speculative element if profits are not maximized. Overall, the Shopee VIP program is deemed halal and valid under Sharia law, with recommendations for increased information transparency and further consultation with fatwa institutions. This study emphasizes the importance of a digital e-commerce ecosystem that is transparent, fair, and aligned with Islamic values